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Trump has issued the Iranian leadership with an ultimatum, saying that unless the Strait of Hormuz is reopened by Tuesday night, power stations and bridges across Iran will be destroyed. Israel has also warned the Iranians on X to keep away from trains and railway stations. The UN is calling for a ceasefire and warning against violations of international law. Alarm bells are ringing in Europe's press.

Hungary has entered the final week in the run-up to next Sunday's general election. The polls put Péter Magyar's centre-right opposition party, Tisza, well ahead of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's Fidesz, which has been ruling the country in an increasingly authoritarian manner for the past 16 years. Europe's media discuss the wider implications of the election beyond Hungary's borders.

La jeune fille était tellement bouleversée par cet incident qu'elle ne l'a pas signalé à ses parents.

By Katsuhiro Asagiri
TOKYO, Japan, Apr 7 2026 (IPS)

As tensions surrounding Iran deepen and uncertainty spreads across global energy markets, Japan is once again confronting a structural weakness: its heavy dependence on Middle Eastern oil.

For decades, Japan has relied on crude imports from a region repeatedly shaken by war, confrontation and instability. With the stability of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounding waters once again under threat, Tokyo is accelerating efforts to diversify both supply sources and transport routes. In that process, Kazakhstan has emerged as an increasingly important partner.

Yet the strengthening relationship between Japan and Kazakhstan is not limited to oil, uranium or logistics. It also has a deeper historical and ethical dimension. Both countries carry the memory of nuclear suffering and have sought to transform that memory into a foundation for dialogue, cooperation and advocacy for peace.

Central Asia plus Japan Dialogue” (CA+JAD) Credit: Primi Minister’s Office of Japan

Japan’s growing interest in Central Asia was not triggered directly by the current Iran crisis. In December 2025, Japan hosted the “Central Asia plus Japan” summit in Tokyo and adopted the Tokyo Declaration. There, strengthening critical mineral supply chains and diversifying transport routes were set out as strategic priorities.

That framework has since taken on even greater urgency.

One important element is the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, the so-called Middle Corridor. Connecting Central Asia and Europe without passing through Russia, this route has drawn attention as a new transport channel for energy and strategic goods. In an era shaped by war, sanctions, shipping disruptions and intensifying rivalry among major powers, such corridors have become increasingly important for Japan.

Kazakhstan stands at the center of this calculation.

Middle Corridor. Credit: TITR

Japanese energy interests are already present in the Caspian region. INPEX, a Japanese company, holds stakes in major oil projects including Kazakhstan’s Kashagan field and Azerbaijan’s ACG field. Crude from these fields could serve as an alternative supply source to Middle Eastern oil for Japan. In addition, routes through the Caspian and Mediterranean can avoid the Strait of Hormuz, although that means longer transport times and higher shipping costs.

Karipbek Kuyukov(2nd from left) and Dmitriy Vesselov(2nd from right). Credit: Katsuhiro Asagiri

This reflects a shift in Japanese thinking. Diversification is no longer simply about finding new supplier countries. It is also about reducing the vulnerabilities embedded in the geography of trade itself.

Even so, energy alone cannot fully explain the distinctiveness of Japan-Kazakhstan ties.

What gives this relationship unusual depth is their shared historical experience of nuclear suffering. Kazakhstan endured the grave consequences of 456 nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk test site during the Soviet era. Japan remains the only country ever attacked with atomic bombs in wartime, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki continue to stand as enduring symbols of the catastrophic human cost of nuclear weapons.

The two histories are different. But the ethical language that emerged from them has much in common.

The remains of the Prefectural Industry Promotion Building, after the dropping of the atomic bomb, in Hiroshima, Japan. This site was later preserved as a monument. Credit: UN Photo/DB

Over the years, Kazakhstan has worked with civil society actors, including the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), Soka Gakkai International (SGI) and hibakusha, the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to draw attention to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons and nuclear testing. Through conferences, exhibitions and testimony, these experiences have continued to be made visible in international discourse. That is especially significant at a time when nuclear debates are often narrowed to deterrence theory and geopolitical rivalry.

What matters here is the “dialogue” dimension of Kazakhstan’s diplomacy.

A Group photo of participants of the regional conference on the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons and nuclear-free-zone in Central Asia held on August 29, 2023. Credit: Jibek Joly TV Channel

Through the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, held in Astana since 2003, Kazakhstan has sought to position itself not merely as a supplier of resources or a transit country, but as a hub for dialogue across political, religious and civilizational divides. This initiative has become part of the country’s diplomatic identity, grounded in denuclearization, mediation and coexistence.

For Japan, this adds another layer to Kazakhstan’s significance. Kazakhstan is not only a country with oil, uranium and transport routes. It is also a state that has sought to transform its own history of suffering into diplomacy centered on peace, trust and human security.

7th Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions Group Photo by Secretariate of the 7th Congress

This approach resonates with the realities of today’s world, where multiple crises overlap.

Credit: akorda.kz

As Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has warned, nuclear risks are rising again. At the same time, energy insecurity, supply-chain fragility and geopolitical fragmentation are all intensifying. These are no longer separate policy issues. They are now deeply intertwined.

In this context, the relationship between Japan and Kazakhstan carries a broader lesson.

Cooperation between states does not have to be shaped only by economic and strategic interests. It can also incorporate shared memory, moral purpose and a commitment to dialogue. In practical terms, that means cooperation on energy and transport. Politically, it means contributing to a more stable and diversified regional order. Humanitarianly, it means sustaining the argument that security must not be separated from its human consequences.

Of course, this relationship is not free from limits or contradictions. Alternative routes are costly. State behavior is still heavily shaped by strategic calculation. Dialogue alone cannot neutralize the pressures of war.

Even so, in an international environment marked by fragmentation, coercion and renewed nuclear anxiety, the growing closeness between Japan and Kazakhstan means more than a tactical adjustment. It is also an attempt to connect realism with responsibility.

That is why this relationship deserves attention.

At a time when many countries are retreating into narrower and more inward-looking definitions of national interest, Japan and Kazakhstan are seeking to build a partnership that links resource security and diplomacy, memory and strategy, and national resilience with the search for peace.

Credit: UN photo

This article is brought to you by INPS Japan in collaboration with Soka Gakkai International in consultative status with UN ECOSOC.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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Excerpt:

With instability around Iran exposing Japan’s dependence on Middle Eastern oil, Tokyo is deepening ties with Kazakhstan in search of more resilient supply chains, alternative energy routes and renewed cooperation on nuclear disarmament.

Heiner Janus and Daniel Esser argue that the rush to devise a strategy for Iran is bound to run into bureaucratic pathologies that drive failures in intelligence and foreign aid alike: manufactured urgency and institutional whitewashing.

Bonn, 7. April 2026. In einer Zeit wachsender geopolitischer Fragmentierung wird sich zeigen, ob Regierungen globale Gesundheit als globales öffentliches Gut verteidigen oder sie geopolitischen Interessen unterordnen.

Zum Weltgesundheitstag 2026 ruft die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) weltweit dazu auf: „Together for health. Stand with science.“ Für die WHO heißt das, nicht nur wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu respektieren, sondern auch Kooperation und Vertrauen zu sichern, die wirksames globales gesundheitspolitisches Handeln ermöglichen. Das ist die richtige Botschaft. In einer zunehmend fragmentierten geopolitischen Landschaft ist jedoch entscheidend, ob Regierungen noch bereit sind, Kooperation, Vertrauen und Institutionen zu verteidigen, auf die die globale Gesundheitsforschung angewiesen bleibt.

Globale Gesundheitsforschung kann Leben retten, Resilienz stärken und erhebliche gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Erträge schaffen. Doch diese Gewinne setzen voraus, dass Staaten Wissen teilen, Vertrauen aufbauen und Evidenz in kollektives Handeln übersetzen. Genau das wird schwieriger. Globale Gesundheit gerät zunehmend unter den Druck geopolitischer Rivalitäten und transaktionaler Formen der Zusammenarbeit. In einem solchen Umfeld droht Wissenschaft der Logik von Macht und Verhandlung untergeordnet zu werden: Datenaustausch wird an Bedingungen geknüpft, epidemiologische Überwachung politisiert und Forschungspartnerschaften werden asymmetrischer.

Der Austritt der Vereinigten Staaten aus der WHO und die jüngsten bilateralen Gesundheitsabkommen der Trump-Regierung zeigen, wie weit diese Entwicklung bereits reicht. Globale Gesundheit wird von einem Feld internationaler Solidarität zunehmend zu einem Instrument geopolitischer Einflussnahme. Die US-Regierung hat mit 14 afrikanischen Staaten transaktionale Gesundheitsabkommen geschlossen, die erhebliche Risiken für Souveränität, Datenhoheit und Versorgungssicherheit mit sich bringen. Gleichzeitig sind Partnerländer keineswegs ohne Handlungsmacht. Sambia widersetzte sich einem Vorschlag, Gesundheitsfinanzierung an den Zugang zu Kupfer und Kobalt zu knüpfen. In Kenia verzögerte die gerichtliche Überprüfung die Umsetzung eines Gesundheitsabkommens mit den Vereinigten Staaten. Solche Deals erschweren nicht nur die Zusammenarbeit zum Schutz globaler Gesundheit. Sie untergraben auch die multilaterale Grundlage für die Prävention und Bewältigung von Pandemien, antimikrobiellen Resistenzen und klimabedingten Gesundheitsrisiken.

Diese Entwicklung hat direkte Folgen für die deutsche globale Gesundheitspolitik. Die Frage ist nicht mehr nur, ob Deutschland globale Gesundheit unterstützt. Entscheidend ist auch, die politischen und institutionellen Voraussetzungen zu schützen, unter denen Wissenschaft grenzüberschreitend wirken kann: Datenaustausch, verlässliche epidemiologische Überwachung, kooperative Forschung und Institutionen, die Evidenz in politisches Handeln übersetzen.

Der jüngste Review der deutschen Strategie zu globaler Gesundheit ist deshalb wichtig. Sie bekräftigt die Bedeutung globaler Gesundheit und setzt bis 2030 stärkere Akzente bei Prävention, klimaresilienten Gesundheitssystemen, Pandemievorsorge und multilateraler Gesundheitsgovernance. Auch die neue BMZ-Strategie setzt stärker auf Reform der globalen Gesundheitsarchitektur, Arbeitsteilung mit anderen Gebern und multilaterale Ansätze. Im Grundsatz ist das richtig. Der eigentliche Test ist jedoch die Kohärenz: ob dem höheren Anspruch auch Umsetzung folgt. Drei Punkte sind dabei wichtig:

Erstens sollte Deutschland über seine traditionelle Geberrolle hinausdenken und einen stärker reformorientierten Ansatz verfolgen. Sein finanzielles und politisches Gewicht könnte nicht nur dazu dienen, bestehende globale Gesundheitsinstitutionen zu erhalten, sondern auch dazu, Organisationen wie Gavi und den Global Fund besser aufeinander abzustimmen und wirksamer aufzustellen. Dazu würde auch eine engere Zusammenarbeit im Sinne der Lusaka Agenda gehören, mit dem klaren Ziel, Fragmentierung für Partnerländer zu verringern.

Zweitens sollte Deutschland wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Umwelt und menschlicher Gesundheit ernst nehmen und eine One-Health-Logik noch konsequenter in die Umsetzung integrieren. Dadurch ließen sich Prävention und Bewältigung systematischer mit Klima-, Wasser- und Umweltgesundheit verknüpfen. Andernfalls drohen breitere ökologische und soziale Ursachen gesundheitlicher Risiken – von Entwaldung und Biodiversitätsverlust über den Klimawandel bis hin zur intensiven Landwirtschaft – unzureichend berücksichtigt zu bleiben.

Drittens spricht vieles dafür, bilaterales Engagement neben multilateralen Ansätzen gerade in fragilen Kontexten zu erhalten, in denen lokale Verankerung, Flexibilität und politische Reaktionsfähigkeit oft entscheidend sind. Das ist nicht nur für eine wirksame Umsetzung wichtig, sondern auch für die vertrauensvollen Beziehungen, auf denen Datenaustausch und wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit häufig beruhen. So könnte Deutschland multilaterale Stärke mit lokaler Handlungsfähigkeit verbinden, wo multilaterale Institutionen allein oft nicht schnell genug reagieren können.

Der Weltgesundheitstag 2026 trägt damit eine klare politische Botschaft. Zur Wissenschaft zu stehen bedeutet mehr, als wissenschaftliche Evidenz anzuerkennen. Es bedeutet, das Vertrauen, die Fairness und die Institutionen zu verteidigen, die Wissenschaft in den Dienst des Gemeinwohls stellen. In einer Zeit wachsender geopolitischer Fragmentierung wird sich zeigen, ob Regierungen globale Gesundheit als globales öffentliches Gut verteidigen oder sie geopolitischen Interessen unterordnen.

An artisan puts final touches to the monument of Magawa, a Tanzanian-born bomb-sniffing rat. Credit: APOPO

By Kizito Makoye
MOROGORO, Tanzania , Apr 7 2026 (IPS)

At Mazimbu village, not far from Tanzania’s Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Stephano Jaka still remembers the night he trapped and killed a rat that had been feasting on his maize cobs – stored in a meticulously woven basket designed to protect grains from rodents.
“I felt a big sense of relief when I finally killed it. It had been causing huge losses to my family,” he tells IPS.

Thousands of kilometres away in Siem Reap, Cambodia, farmers were among the dignitaries invited on Saturday to honour a Tanzanian-born rat for detecting hundreds of landmines, helping to clear swathes of land for farming.

Where farmers in Tanzania’s Morogoro region still perceive rats as destructive creatures threatening their livelihoods, communities in Cambodia embrace one of the species as a life-saving hero – underscoring how a despised animal has come to embody entirely different meanings across continents.

Cambodia remains one of the world’s most landmine-infested countries, with millions of explosives still buried underground, making large areas unsafe for farming, settlement and development.

On the eve of the International Day for Mine Awareness, a 2.2-metre statue – the world’s first public monument dedicated to a life-saving rat – was unveiled. The monument honours Magawa, whose bomb-sniffing career began after a yearlong stint at Sokoine University. He was hailed not as a crop-raiding pest but as an unlikely hero whose extraordinary sense of smell helped uncover hidden dangers.

For years, Magawa worked across some of Cambodia’s most dangerous terrain, detecting more than 100 landmines and helping to make large areas safe before his death in 2022. He remains the only rat ever awarded the PDSA Gold Medal for bravery.

Carved from local stone by Cambodian artisans, the statue shows Magawa wearing his medal and operational harness. Its base incorporates fragments of decommissioned explosives, symbolising the threat he helped eliminate. Erected in central Siem Reap, the monument also directs visitors to APOPO’s centre, where they can learn about the rats’ work and the ongoing impact of landmines.

“Magawa became a global symbol of hope for Cambodia’s mine-affected communities. This statue honours his extraordinary service and the work of all APOPO HeroRATs who continue to save lives in Cambodia and around the world — step by step, life by life,” said Christophe Cox, founder of APOPO.

The tribute also serves as a reminder that millions of landmines remain buried, and efforts to clear them continue despite limited resources.

Magawa was trained by APOPO, a non-governmental organisation that deploys African giant pouched rats to detect explosives. Because they are too light to trigger landmines, the animals can safely search contaminated areas far more quickly than conventional methods.

Born at Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Magawa showed early promise before being deployed to Cambodia in 2016, where he became one of the most successful detection animals in the programme.

In heavily affected regions such as Battambang, land once considered too dangerous has been cleared and returned to productive use, allowing communities to rebuild livelihoods and restore a sense of normalcy.

Magawa’s work also highlights a broader story of African innovation contributing to global solutions, with a programme developed in Tanzania now supporting mine clearance efforts in several countries.

Although Magawa died in 2022, other trained rats continue the work, helping to reduce the threat posed by unexploded landmines.

Residents of Morogoro spoke with a mix of pride, curiosity and quiet awe when reflecting on the global recognition of Magawa, the giant African pouched rat whose work in Cambodia has saved countless lives.

“Who would have thought a rat from our region could become a global hero?” said Jaka. “Here, rats are something we chase away. But Magawa has changed that story completely. He has shown us that even the smallest creatures can carry the biggest responsibilities.”

At the Morogoro main market, trader Rehema Msuya said Magawa’s story had sparked new conversations among residents about science and innovation.

“People now talk about rats differently,” she said. “We used to see them only as destructive. But this one saved lives and detected danger where machines sometimes fail. It makes you proud, knowing such intelligence can come from a rat.”

For some, Magawa’s legacy goes beyond admiration, emphasising the possibilities often overlooked.

“Magawa represents Africa in a very powerful way,” said Dar es Salaam-based secondary school teacher Godfrey Lwambano. “We often underestimate what we have – our environment, our knowledge, even our animals. Yet here is a creature trained with patience and care, going on to clear deadly landmines and protect communities far away.”

Young people in Morogoro, too, say the story touched them.

“When I first heard about him, I thought it was a joke,” said 22-year-old university student Neema Kibwana. “But when I learnt he worked for years detecting mines and even received awards, I was inspired. It shows that impact doesn’t depend on size or status.”

As the story of Magawa circulates in Tanzania and beyond, it continues to challenge long-held perceptions – transforming an animal once seen only as a pest into a symbol of ingenuity, resilience and hope.

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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