Léger, rechargeable à domicile, un scooter 100% électrique a été fabriqué au Bénin. Le prototype conçu par un jeune étudiant entend répondre aux besoins de mobilité urbaine.
Fabriquer au Bénin, un engin à deux-roues électrique. C'est le pari relevé par Roland Romuald Toyigbéna Gbohoui. Après plusieurs années de recherches, le jeune technicien béninois a conçu un scooter électrique.
Le scooter pèse environ 35,5 kg et offre une autonomie de 70 km. Il peut être rechargé à domicile et atteint une vitesse maximale de 45 km/h. Selon son concepteur, une recharge complète revient à environ 200 FCFA d'électricité et demande moins de trois heures.
Châssis, fourche et plusieurs éléments de la structure du scooter électrique ont été réalisés localement. « Pour la fabrication, j'ai utilisé tout ce qu'on utilise ici. Pour la soudure, j'ai utilisé le même poste à souder que les soudeurs », explique Roland Romuald Toyigbéna Gbohoui.
La Conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) a également occupé une place importante dans le processus. Elle a permis au jeune inventeur de travailler virtuellement sur les différentes composantes avant de passer à la fabrication et aux essais.
Quand le freinage sert aussi à récupérer de l'énergie
Le scooter a un système de freinage régénératif. « Lorsque vous lâchez le poignet de gaz, il y a de l'énergie cinétique. (...) Le moteur utilisé est réversible : quand on lui envoie de l'énergie électrique, il tourne et quand on le fait tourner, il donne de l'énergie électrique », explique le concepteur. Cette technologie permet ainsi de récupérer une partie de l'énergie normalement perdue lors des phases de freinage ou de décélération et de la renvoyer vers la batterie. Elle participe à l'amélioration de l'autonomie du véhicule.
En marche, le scooter ne produit pas d'émissions polluantes directes. Pour son concepteur, l'intérêt est donc double : proposer un moyen de déplacement moins coûteux et contribuer à une mobilité moins dépendante. « La plupart des moyens roulants utilisés ici au Bénin sont des véhicules thermiques et ceux qui sont électriques le sont moins. Et de plus, tous ces véhicules, que ce soit thermique ou électrique, sont importés. Rien n'est fait ici », relève le jeune inventeur béninois.
Le projet ne part toutefois pas de zéro. Depuis son enfance, Roland Gbohoui s'intéresse à la fabrication. Fils d'un transporteur, il fréquente les garages et observe le fonctionnement des véhicules. Au collège, ses recherches sur internet l'amènent également à s'intéresser aux avions, aux drones et à différents mécanismes. Il fabrique notamment des répliques de camions et tente de construire un drone à partir de matériaux de récupération.
Cette curiosité finit par l'orienter vers les études d'ingénierie. En juillet 2025, il soutient une licence professionnelle en équipements motorisés à l'École nationale supérieure de génie énergétique et procédés de l'Université nationale des sciences, technologies, ingénierie et mathématiques (UNSTIM Abomey).
Le soutien du Fonds d'appui à l'innovation technologique (FAIT) de l'UNSTIM a notamment contribué à la réalisation du prototype.
L'expérience a également permis au jeune technicien d'obtenir des distinctions. Il a notamment été récompensé dans le cadre d'un concours consacré à l'innovation et à la coopération sino-béninoise. Ces reconnaissances lui ont aussi permis de nouer de nouveaux contacts pour la suite de son projet.
Une mise à l'échelle face à des défis…
Le jeune concepteur fait face à des défis. « Les difficultés que j'ai rencontrées sont moins techniques. C'est un peu lié au financement. Et aussi, il y a certaines pièces dont on a besoin qui ne se trouvent pas directement sur le marché béninois », confie Roland Romuald Toyigbéna Gbohoui.
Le jeune concepteur souhaite améliorer le scooter "Made in Benin'' avant d'envisager sa commercialisation. Son ambition est de mettre en place, à terme, une unité de production capable de fabriquer ces véhicules pour le marché béninois et, plus largement, pour la sous-région.
Roland travaille également sur le rétrofit électrique. Un autre projet qui consiste à transformer un véhicule thermique existant en véhicule électrique.
Une borne de recharge alimentée par l'énergie solaire figure aussi parmi les pistes envisagées. L'objectif serait de produire l'électricité nécessaire à la recharge à partir d'une installation photovoltaïque, plutôt que d'installer directement des panneaux sur le scooter.
« Le troisième millénaire est aussi le nôtre. Et nous ne sommes pas condamnés à toujours importer », conclut, le jeune concepteur de 24 ans.
Marc MENSAH
Les Algériens établis en France peuvent cotiser volontairement au système national de retraite en Algérie, à condition notamment d’avoir moins de 55 ans. Ce dispositif […]
L’article Retraite en Algérie depuis la France : conditions, cotisations et démarches CNAS est apparu en premier sur .
Une femme de 47 ans a été interpellée à Chlef puis déférée devant le parquet, soupçonnée d’avoir monté une vaste escroquerie fondée sur une fausse […]
L’article Fausse employée d’une institution publique, elle escroque 8 personnes et soutire 800 millions est apparu en premier sur .
This paper examines how additional private financial resources can be mobilised through the use of multilateral development bank (MDB) funds. It focuses on identifying the leverage potential of different financing instruments, improving their mobilisation efficiency, and examining how greater leverage can promote development outcomes while safeguarding the financial sustainability of MDBs. Its contribution is a comparative synthesis that brings together mobilisation mechanisms, differences in the public resources and risks underlying leverage ratios, and development impact. The analysis covers six categories: debt instruments, equity instruments, risk-transfer instruments, guarantees, advisory services and policy-based lending. It compares their characteristics, including the level of intervention, mobilisation mechanisms, constraints addressed and time horizons. It also distinguishes transaction-level private direct and indirect mobilisation from broader catalytic effects arising through market development, institutional strengthening and policy reforms.
The comparison shows why instruments cannot be assessed by a single leverage ratio. MDB lending, guarantee exposure and expenditure on advisory services represent different commitments of public resources and risk. Similarly, private finance linked to a transaction cannot be measured in the same way as subsequent investment enabled by policy reform. Available evidence therefore indicates differences in mobilisation potential rather than an established empirical ranking of instruments. The paper argues that leveraging efficiency can be increased by moving to more powerful approaches and by better targeting instruments to binding investment constraints. It examines how this can enhance the development impact and financial viability of MDB/DFI portfolios through two channels: a financial/portfolio efficiency channel and a development/catalytic channel. However, a high leverage ratio does not necessarily indicate superior performance. It may reflect investment in easier markets, weak additionality or an understatement of public risk. Conversely, a lower ratio may be consistent with greater additionality in a fragile market or pioneering sector. These findings highlight the importance of assessing leverage alongside additionality, development impact and financial sustainability. Using concessional funds through blended finance instruments can be costly and can reduce the resources available for other development priorities.
Therefore, the development finance institutions (DFIs) must strictly apply the additionality principle and further operationalise the principle of using minimum concessionality. If interpreted too generously, there is a risk of creating leverage without sufficient development impact. The paper provides specific recommendations for refining the use of financing instruments and integrating transaction-level support into a broader market-shaping approach that draws on the strengths of policy-based lending and technical assistance. Higher leverage should not be pursued as an end in itself; its value depends on its contribution to additional development impact.
Dr Jürgen Karl Zattler is a distinguished non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development in Washington, DC and a non-resident research fellow at the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) in Bonn. Until October 2023, he was Director General at the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Prior to that, he served as the Executive Director representing Germany at the World Bank.
This paper examines how additional private financial resources can be mobilised through the use of multilateral development bank (MDB) funds. It focuses on identifying the leverage potential of different financing instruments, improving their mobilisation efficiency, and examining how greater leverage can promote development outcomes while safeguarding the financial sustainability of MDBs. Its contribution is a comparative synthesis that brings together mobilisation mechanisms, differences in the public resources and risks underlying leverage ratios, and development impact. The analysis covers six categories: debt instruments, equity instruments, risk-transfer instruments, guarantees, advisory services and policy-based lending. It compares their characteristics, including the level of intervention, mobilisation mechanisms, constraints addressed and time horizons. It also distinguishes transaction-level private direct and indirect mobilisation from broader catalytic effects arising through market development, institutional strengthening and policy reforms.
The comparison shows why instruments cannot be assessed by a single leverage ratio. MDB lending, guarantee exposure and expenditure on advisory services represent different commitments of public resources and risk. Similarly, private finance linked to a transaction cannot be measured in the same way as subsequent investment enabled by policy reform. Available evidence therefore indicates differences in mobilisation potential rather than an established empirical ranking of instruments. The paper argues that leveraging efficiency can be increased by moving to more powerful approaches and by better targeting instruments to binding investment constraints. It examines how this can enhance the development impact and financial viability of MDB/DFI portfolios through two channels: a financial/portfolio efficiency channel and a development/catalytic channel. However, a high leverage ratio does not necessarily indicate superior performance. It may reflect investment in easier markets, weak additionality or an understatement of public risk. Conversely, a lower ratio may be consistent with greater additionality in a fragile market or pioneering sector. These findings highlight the importance of assessing leverage alongside additionality, development impact and financial sustainability. Using concessional funds through blended finance instruments can be costly and can reduce the resources available for other development priorities.
Therefore, the development finance institutions (DFIs) must strictly apply the additionality principle and further operationalise the principle of using minimum concessionality. If interpreted too generously, there is a risk of creating leverage without sufficient development impact. The paper provides specific recommendations for refining the use of financing instruments and integrating transaction-level support into a broader market-shaping approach that draws on the strengths of policy-based lending and technical assistance. Higher leverage should not be pursued as an end in itself; its value depends on its contribution to additional development impact.
Dr Jürgen Karl Zattler is a distinguished non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development in Washington, DC and a non-resident research fellow at the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) in Bonn. Until October 2023, he was Director General at the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Prior to that, he served as the Executive Director representing Germany at the World Bank.
This paper examines how additional private financial resources can be mobilised through the use of multilateral development bank (MDB) funds. It focuses on identifying the leverage potential of different financing instruments, improving their mobilisation efficiency, and examining how greater leverage can promote development outcomes while safeguarding the financial sustainability of MDBs. Its contribution is a comparative synthesis that brings together mobilisation mechanisms, differences in the public resources and risks underlying leverage ratios, and development impact. The analysis covers six categories: debt instruments, equity instruments, risk-transfer instruments, guarantees, advisory services and policy-based lending. It compares their characteristics, including the level of intervention, mobilisation mechanisms, constraints addressed and time horizons. It also distinguishes transaction-level private direct and indirect mobilisation from broader catalytic effects arising through market development, institutional strengthening and policy reforms.
The comparison shows why instruments cannot be assessed by a single leverage ratio. MDB lending, guarantee exposure and expenditure on advisory services represent different commitments of public resources and risk. Similarly, private finance linked to a transaction cannot be measured in the same way as subsequent investment enabled by policy reform. Available evidence therefore indicates differences in mobilisation potential rather than an established empirical ranking of instruments. The paper argues that leveraging efficiency can be increased by moving to more powerful approaches and by better targeting instruments to binding investment constraints. It examines how this can enhance the development impact and financial viability of MDB/DFI portfolios through two channels: a financial/portfolio efficiency channel and a development/catalytic channel. However, a high leverage ratio does not necessarily indicate superior performance. It may reflect investment in easier markets, weak additionality or an understatement of public risk. Conversely, a lower ratio may be consistent with greater additionality in a fragile market or pioneering sector. These findings highlight the importance of assessing leverage alongside additionality, development impact and financial sustainability. Using concessional funds through blended finance instruments can be costly and can reduce the resources available for other development priorities.
Therefore, the development finance institutions (DFIs) must strictly apply the additionality principle and further operationalise the principle of using minimum concessionality. If interpreted too generously, there is a risk of creating leverage without sufficient development impact. The paper provides specific recommendations for refining the use of financing instruments and integrating transaction-level support into a broader market-shaping approach that draws on the strengths of policy-based lending and technical assistance. Higher leverage should not be pursued as an end in itself; its value depends on its contribution to additional development impact.
Dr Jürgen Karl Zattler is a distinguished non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development in Washington, DC and a non-resident research fellow at the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) in Bonn. Until October 2023, he was Director General at the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Prior to that, he served as the Executive Director representing Germany at the World Bank.
Le ministère de l’Éducation nationale a décidé de réorganiser la semaine d’intégration pour les matières de langue arabe et de mathématiques au niveau de l’enseignement […]
L’article Enseignement primaire : ce qui change pour la langue arabe et les mathématiques (ministère) est apparu en premier sur .